Salient (geography)
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A salient, panhandle, or bootheel is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state.
While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is most often not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit.
In American English, the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extensions of Florida and Oklahoma, or the northernmost portion of Idaho. Another term is bootheel, used for the Missouri Bootheel and New Mexico Bootheel areas.
Origin
[edit]The term salient is derived from military salients. The term "panhandle" derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan, and its use is generally confined to North America.
The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, which serve to separate culturally unified peoples.[1] These occurred, for instance, during European colonialisation when colonial powers competed for Africa and the Western Hemisphere, after which post-colonial borders became based on colonial divisions.[2] In many cases these salients correspond to routes of expansion or bases for such expansion, as in Namibia and Mozambique.[3] Other modern salients originally served to provide barriers against other colonial powers, as with Britain against Tsarist Russia in Central Asia.[1]
Salients may also arise when a national government shifts territory between subnational entities for internal political reasons, as with West Virginia's eastern panhandle during the Civil War.[4] The location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties, strategic needs,[5] history or topography.
Country-level salients
[edit]Africa
[edit]
Asia
[edit]
| Salient | Country |
|---|---|
| Wakhan Corridor |  Afghanistan
|
| Chittagong |  Bangladesh
|
| Rangpur | |
| Sylhet | |
| Western Belait District |  Brunei
|
| Myanmar Panhandle (Kayin State, Mon State and Tanintharyi Region) |  Burma
|
| Puta-O District | |
| Maungdaw District | |
| Mong Yawng Township | |
| Parrot's Beak |  Cambodia
|
| Yadong County (Tibet Autonomous Region) |  China
|
| Seven Sister States (largest and most populous in the world) |  India
|
| Sikkim | |
| West Timor |  Indonesia
|
| Jerusalem corridor |  Israel
|
| Galilee panhandle | |
| Mafraq Governorate |  Jordan
|
| Mangystau Region |  Kazakhstan
|
| Batken |  Kyrgyzstan
|
| Phongsaly Province |  Laos
|
| Tfail Salient |  Lebanon
|
| North Hamgyŏng, South Hamgyŏng and Ryanggang |  North Korea
|
| Primorsky Krai |  Russia
|
| Sughd |  Tajikistan
|
| Southern Thailand |  Thailand
|
| Aralık, Iğdır Province |  Turkey
|
| Hatay Province | |
| Tashkent Region |  Uzbekistan
|
| Fergana and Andijan Regions | |
| Namangan | |
| Tashkent City | |
| Jizzakh Region | |
| Sirdaryo Region | |
| Surxondaryo Region | |
| Tây Ninh Province |  Vietnam
|
Europe
[edit]
South America
[edit]
| Salient | Country |
|---|---|
| Misiones |  Argentina
|
| Leticia Trapeze |  Colombia
|
| Southeast Guainía Department | |
| Yavaraté, Vaupés Department | |
| Petén Department |  Guatemala
|
| Tumbes Region |  Peru
|
| Amazonas |  Venezuela
|
North America
[edit]Subnational salients
[edit]The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations.
Africa
[edit]
South America
[edit].svg)
| Salient | Country |
|---|---|
| Southern Buenos Aires Province | Argentina
|
| Luis Calvo, Chuquisaca Department |  Bolivia
|
| Sud Cinti, Chuquisaca Department | |
| Whale Coast, Bahia |  Brazil
|
| Alto Parnaíba, Balsas, and Tasso Fragoso, southernmost Maranhão | |
| Northern Mato Grosso | |
| Ponta do Abunã in northwest Rondônia | |
| Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais | |
| Arauco Province, Bío Bío Region |  Chile
|
| San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region | |
| Urabá region, Antioquia Department | Colombia
|
| Unguía and Acandí in northernmost Chocó Department | |
| Santander Department northern tip | |
| Santa Rosa and Piamonte in southeastern Cauca Department | |
| Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura Province |  Ecuador
|
| Eastern Tena Canton, Napo Province | |
| Balzar and El Empalme Cantons, Guayas Province | |
| Northern East Berbice-Corentyne |  Guyana
|
| Caravelí Province, Arequipa Region | Peru
|
| Northern Tapanahony, Sipaliwini District |  Suriname
|
| Páez, Apure | Venezuela
|
| Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality, Barinas | |
| Arismendi Municipality, Barinas |
North and Central America
[edit]| Salient | Country |
|---|---|
| Toronto (East York, Etobicoke, Old Toronto, York) |  Canada
|
| Northwestern British Columbia | |
| Middle Côte-Nord, Quebec | |
| Western Puntarenas Province |  Costa Rica
|
| Guamá, Santiago de Cuba Province |  Cuba
|
| Southern Hato Mayor Province |  Dominican Republic
|
| Southern Samaná Province | |
| Southern San Miguel Department |  El Salvador
|
| Norte, Jalisco |  Mexico
|
| Eastern Tabasco | |
| Southeastern Zacatecas | |
| Southern Zacatecas | |
| Chiriquí Grande District, Bocas del Toro Province |  Panama
|
| Southern Chimán District, Panamá Province | |
| Mariato District, Veraguas Province | |
| Alaska |  United States
|
| Connecticut | |
| Florida[a] | |
| Idaho | |
| Maryland[b] | |
| Nebraska | |
| Oklahoma | |
| Texas | |
| Eastern West Virginia | |
| Missouri Bootheel | |
| Northern West Virginia | |
| New Mexico Bootheel | |
| Trans-Pecos | |
| The Thumb |
Asia
[edit]
Europe
[edit]
Oceania
[edit]
| Salient | Country |
|---|---|
| Northeastern Nadroga-Navosa Province, Western Division |  Fiji
|
| Southern Anetan District |  Nauru
|
| Rangitaiki River Valley, Bay of Plenty Region |  New Zealand
|
| Hunter River Valley, Otago region | |
| Upper Rangitata Valley, Timaru District | |
| Upper Waitaki Valley, Waitaki District | |
| Northeastern West New Britain Province |  Papua New Guinea
|
See also
[edit]- Bootheel
- Border irregularities of the United States
- Border
- Chicken's Neck (disambiguation)
- Corridor (disambiguation)
- Enclave and exclave
- Fergana Valley (triple junction of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan)
- Gerrymandering
- Political geography
- Salients, re-entrants and pockets
- The Thumb
Notes
[edit]- ^ This definition includes the following counties: Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington.
- ^ This definition includes the following counties: Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington
- ^ Not a geopolitical salient, but a normal geographical feature similar to that of a peninsula.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Jacobs, Frank (December 5, 2011). "A Few Salient Points". New York Times.
- ^ Lowitt, Richard (2006). American Outback: The Oklahoma Panhandle in the Twentieth Century. Texas Tech University Press. pp. xvii, xviii. ISBN 9780896725584.
- ^ Weigert, Hans W. (1957). Principles of Political Geography. New York City: Appleton-Century-Crofts. pp. 73–75.
- ^ Hubbard, Bill (2008). "Chapter Five: The Evolution of the Territories and States". American Boundaries: The Nation, the States, the Rectangular Survey. University of Chicago Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780226355931.
- ^ Pounds, Norman John Greville (1963). Political geography. New York City: McGraw-Hill. p. 271. ISBN 9780070505667.
- ^ "San Isidro". Google Maps. Google LLC. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
Further reading
[edit]- Robert Reid (4 April 2016). "America's Panhandles, Ranked From 1 to 10". National Geographic. Retrieved 2019-05-16.