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Isle La Motte

Coordinates: 44°51′59″N 73°19′51″W / 44.86639°N 73.33083°W / 44.86639; -73.33083
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Isle La Motte
Île La Motte (French)
Town
The Head at the south end of Isle La Motte
The Head at the south end of Isle La Motte
Location in Grand Isle County and the state of Vermont
Location in Grand Isle County and the state of Vermont
Isle La Motte is located in the United States
Isle La Motte
Isle La Motte
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 44°51′59″N 73°19′51″W / 44.86639°N 73.33083°W / 44.86639; -73.33083
CountryUnited States
StateVermont
CountyGrand Isle
Named forPierre La Motte
Area
 • Total
16.7 sq mi (43.2 km2)
 • Land7.9 sq mi (20.4 km2)
 • Water8.8 sq mi (22.7 km2)
Elevation
95 ft (29 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
488
 • Density62/sq mi (23.9/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
05463
Area code802
FIPS code50-35875[1]
GNIS feature ID1457978[2]
Websiteislelamotte.us

Isle La Motte (French: Île La Motte) is an island in Lake Champlain in northwestern Vermont, United States. At 7 mi (11 km) by 2 mi (3 km), it lies close to the place that the lake empties into the Richelieu River. It is incorporated as a New England town in Grand Isle County. Its population was 488 at the 2020 census.[3]

The island is named after a French soldier, Pierre La Motte, who built a military outpost on the island in 1666. The island's population significantly increases in the summer months. The island is the site of Fort Sainte Anne, Saint Anne's Shrine, the Methodist Episcopal Church of Isle La Motte, the Fisk Quarry and Goodsell Ridge Preserves,[4] the Isle La Motte Elementary School,[5] and the Isle La Motte Lighthouse.[6]

History

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Map of Fort Sainte-Anne and other forts on the Richelieu River, c. 1666
Statue of Champlain and guide on Isle La Motte

On July 9, 1609, Samuel de Champlain debarked on the island.[7]

In 1665, the French began building a series of forts along the Richelieu River to protect New France from the Iroquois.[8] From north to south these were Fort Richelieu, Fort Chambly, and Fort Sainte Thérèse.

Four companies of the Carignan-Salières Regiment were sent from Quebec City to extend these forts further south, under Captain Pierre La Motte.[9] They built a trail connecting Fort Sainte Thérèse and Fort Saint-Louis (Chambly).[10]

In 1666, Fort Saint-Jean and the farthest south Fort Sainte Anne on Isle La Motte were added.[11] The fort included Saint Anne's Shrine. Both the fort and chapel were dedicated to Saint Anne. In 1668, the bishop of Quebec, François de Laval, came to Isle La Motte to baptise a number of Iroquois to Christianity. Even after the abandonment of the fort, the shrine continued to give mass to worshipers. The fort was the first European settlement in what is now Vermont.[12]

Fort Saint Anne was the one most vulnerable to attack. The fort was garrisoned by about 300 French soldiers over the next four years, and the troops were then pulled back to Québec after they had destroyed the fort.

In 1746, a party of Mohawks under Hendrick Theyanoguin, returning from a conference with the Governor of New France in Montreal, attacked a group of Frenchmen at Isle La Motte before returning to Albany. The incident was followed by Mohawk raids along the St. Lawrence River in 1747.[13]

In the mid-1800s, orchards, vineyards, and dairy farms flourished on the island, which was then connected to the mainland by ferry during the warmer months and by foot or wagon over the ice in winter. In November 1802, Isle La Motte was renamed to "Vineyard," but the original name was restored in November 1830.[14]

In 1878, the town was incorporated for the sole purpose of building a bridge to Alburgh that was completed in 1882.[15]

Fisk Farm was the site at which the Vermont Fish and Game League was addressed in August 1897 by President William McKinley and in September 1901 by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, who had learned of the shooting of McKinley, who later died.

Geology and quarrying

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The island, along with Valcour Island south of Plattsburgh, was formed 480 million years ago as a reef during the Ordovician Period in a shallow tropical sea, near where Morocco is today. At that time there was no life on dry land except for a few primitive plants such as mosses and algae. Almost all of life was in the oceans. Carbon dioxide levels were 14–16 times higher than today, with high sea levels covering much of the continents, which were mostly located south of the equator.[4] The stromatoporoid patch reef, one of the oldest known metazoan reefs, originally stretched a thousand miles from what is now Quebec to Tennessee, but only a few remnants remain today.[4] The island's fossil reefs are part of the Chazy Fossil Reef, a National Natural Landmark dedicated in 2009.[16]

Reef builders during this period in earth history were principally bryozoa, stromatolites, stromatoporoids, sponges, and algae. Other marine life included cephalopods, gastropods, crinoids, and trilobites. Today fossil gastropods (snails) can be seen at the abandoned quarries.

Black limestone from the Chazy Formation was quarried on the island. The oldest quarry behind Fisk Farm[17] started as early as 1832.

The limestone is composed of calcite and fossils of marine creatures. It is so dark in appearance that it was marketed in the 18th and 19th century as "black marble" and was used for the construction of the U.S. Capitol building and the National Gallery of Art. Structures made of the stone still visible on the island are the Isle La Motte Public Library, the Isle La Motte Methodist Church, Isle La Motte Historical Society (formerly the South Stone School House), ruins of the Fisk House at Fisk Farm, and the original Fisk House (once owned by Lieutenant Governor Nelson Fisk).

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1800135—
1810623361.5%
1820312−49.9%
183045947.1%
1840435−5.2%
18504769.4%
186056418.5%
1870497−11.9%
18805051.6%
18905519.1%
190060810.3%
1910510−16.1%
1920385−24.5%
1930352−8.6%
1940335−4.8%
1950295−11.9%
1960238−19.3%
197026210.1%
198039350.0%
19904083.8%
200048819.6%
2010471−3.5%
20204883.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[18]

The town has a total area of 16.7 square miles (43.2 km2), of which 7.9 square miles (20.4 km2) are land (the area of the island) and 8.8 square miles (22.7 km2), or 52.68% of the town, are water.[19] Data for the town from the 2010 census:[20]

  • Residential population: 471
  • Families: 133, average size 2.77
  • Population density: 59.5 per square mile (23.1/km2)
  • Housing units: 454 at an average density of 57.5 per square mile (22.3/km2)
  • Self-declared race: 92.6% White, 0.8% Black, 0.8% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.2% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.6% some other race, and 4.5% from two or more races. 0.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
  • Households: 204, of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were headed by married couples, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31.
  • Demographics: the median age was 45.6 years. 20.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.5% were from 18 to 24, 23.1% were from 25 to 44, 37.0% were from 45 to 64, and 14.0% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.
  • Income: For the period 2011–2015, the per capita income for the town was $24,728. 6.3% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.4% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over. The median annual income for a household in the town was $49,167, and the median income for a family was $51,500. Male full-time workers had a median income of $46,750 versus $34,792 for females.[21]
  • Transportation: The city is served by nearby Burlington International Airport and Plattsburgh International Airport.

References

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  1. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  2. ^ "Feature Detail Report for: Isle la Motte". United States Geological Survey. October 29, 1980. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  3. ^ "Census - Geography profile: Isle La Motte town, Grand Isle County, Vermont". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "Welcome to the Isle La Motte Preservation Trust!". Isle La Motte Preservation Trust. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  5. ^ "Isle La Motte Elementary School". Archived from the original on May 20, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  6. ^ "Isle La Motte, VT". lighthousefriends.com. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  7. ^ "1st Report of the 1909 Champlain Tercentenary Celebration Commission". Hudson River Maritime Museum. March 23, 1908. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved April 15, 2007.
  8. ^ Hahn, Michael (February 2007). Vintage Cabin Fever: First Vermont Winter for Europeans. Northland Journal.
  9. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 166.
  10. ^ "French-Canadian Exploration, Missionary Work, and Fur Trading in Hudson Bay, the Great Lakes,..." (PDF). The French-Canadian Heritage Society of Michigan. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  11. ^ Boréal Express (1977). Canada.Québec. Éditions du Renouveau Pédagogique Inc.
  12. ^ Shulevitz, Judith (August 5, 1990). "Champlain's Hideaway Islands". New York Times. Retrieved April 15, 2007.
  13. ^ Hamilton, Milton W. (1974). "Theyanoguin". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  14. ^ "History of Franklin and Grand Isle Counties, Vermont: With illustrations and biographical sketches of some of the prominent men and pioneers". p. 113.
  15. ^ "Town of Isle La Motte, Vermont 05463". Town of Isle La Motte, Vermont 05463. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  16. ^ "Chazy Fossil Reef". National Natural Landmarks Program. National Park Service. June 28, 2012. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  17. ^ Teresi, Dick (January 2007). "Paleozoic Vermont". p. 26. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved April 15, 2007.
  18. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  19. ^ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Isle La Motte town, Grand Isle County, Vermont". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved March 28, 2017.[dead link‍]
  20. ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (DP-1): Isle La Motte town, Grand Isle County, Vermont". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  21. ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (DP03): Isle La Motte town, Grand Isle County, Vermont". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
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